Despite their portable size and convenient packaging, tablets aren’t only great for reading books. Many popular tablets come with a TV adapter, such as Apple TV, and you can play videos from your tablet directly on your TV. Popular tablets offer a massive store of mobile apps for all kinds of uses, such as checking your email, keeping up with the weather, learning, and reading eBooks. Some models even have Bluetooth capabilities, so you can listen to music wirelessly from your tablet.
Solid-dosage pharmaceutical preparation
Tablets are a solid-dose pharmaceutical preparation that contains a drug substance and a suitable pharmaceutical excipient. The physical and chemical properties of a tablet may differ from other pharmaceutical excipients. Tablets may also differ in size, shape, weight, and hardness, and may differ in their disintegration and dissolution characteristics. Generally, tablets represent 90 percent of all systemic administration of therapeutic agents. Tablets are an excellent choice for patients because of their ease of use and their availability in many different dosage forms.
Continuous processes have several benefits. They make process development easier, as their residence time is low. The new guidelines provide accurate reproducibility, which is essential when quality assurance of medicines depends on accuracy. They also allow manufacturers to run their processes longer in larger equipment and to investigate their results more quickly. Moreover, continuous processing can compensate for changes in inputs by using closed-loop control. It is also easy to manufacture solid-dose pharmaceutical preparations.
A significant factor in solid-dose process optimization is improved raw-material specifications. The National Institute for Pharmaceutical Technology and Education and the FDA collaborated in 2011 to develop a searchable database of excipients to provide more relevant information to developers. Additionally, improved specifications of powder properties allow manufacturers to better control material inputs and reduce the need for compensatory dosage forms. However, one important challenge remains in the development of effective solid-dose pharmaceutical preparation processes.
Cost-effectiveness
To understand the effectiveness of a particular intervention, it is useful to understand its cost-effectiveness. Although the cost-effectiveness ratio may seem simple, there are many factors that influence it. These choices affect the number of DALYs saved and the cost-effectiveness ratio. Often, the difference in the cost-effectiveness ratios is so large that further analysis is unnecessary. For example, coronary artery bypass grafting costs more than US$25,000 per averted DALY. In addition, new antimalarial drugs cost between $8 to $20 per averted DALY, while taxing tobacco products costs anywhere from $3 to $50.
The cost-effectiveness of new interventions varies widely, depending on their quality of evidence. Randomized controlled studies provide the best evidence, while nonrandomized studies using rigorous statistical methods provide the next-best-evidence. Limited case studies and expert opinion are weakest, and this does not automatically mean that the intervention is not cost-effective. However, it does show that the most effective interventions are those that are based on the best evidence.
The cost-effectiveness of a tablet can be measured using the cost-per-DALY (DALY-averted) ratio. This cost-effectiveness ratio treats all health gains equally. However, there are many instances where the cost-effectiveness of a given intervention depends on its distribution. For example, a vitamin-A deficiency treated by giving tablets to children costs less than fortified sugar, but the intervention can reach three to five times as many people.
Cost-effectiveness can be difficult to estimate without the proper information. Cost-effectiveness should never be the sole basis for determining whether a particular intervention is cost-effective or not. It should be complemented by information on the distributional consequences of the interventions, such as the prevailing burden of disease and the level of coverage for various interventions. Finally, cost-effectiveness must be assessed against the costs of improving health. By doing so, policymakers can make informed decisions.
Impact on student learning
The impact of tablets in education is significant. Teachers and students alike find it useful for collaborative learning, collaborating on projects, and improving time management. Tablets reduce teacher unawareness and allow students to work independently and quickly access other applications, such as music or videos. But these devices can create new challenges as teachers try to adjust to them and develop new classroom practices. Here are some lessons to keep in mind as schools adopt tablet technology. Let’s face it: students are more comfortable with technology than teachers are. One of the most common problems students face is that they spend too much time resolving technology issues, which causes other students to distract themselves or lose focus.
In addition to providing immediate feedback, tablets can help students develop higher-order thinking skills and increase motivation. They can even increase the number of students who are motivated to work on a specific subject area. Students also report satisfaction with tablet features, which include instant feedback and power. However, the impact of tablets on education may be more positive than negative. While tablets are great tools for the classroom, teachers should know how to use them in the best way to benefit students.
There are also several issues that teachers and students need to be aware of. Several students reported being distracted by other applications or websites. Teachers are also required to spend time troubleshooting technical issues and addressing student problems, which may impact their learning. A few of these issues could be eliminated by better communication. Ultimately, better communication between the classroom teacher and parents can help reduce concerns. But while parents were largely satisfied with the benefits of tablets, there was also some tension around how they are being used. Interestingly, one parent actually agreed to let her daughter use her iPad in a kindergarten class.
As with any new tool, the impact of tablets on student learning can be different for every individual. Some students cite convenience as a benefit, while others cite accessibility as a major challenge. Tablets have also caused many other changes in classrooms. However, they have the potential to improve the methodological rigor of future research. There is also a need to continue the research and evaluate the effects of tablet use.